Water-based fire fighting system uses water as its primary extinguishing agent and is a common method for fire protection in various occupancies. Water-based fire fighting systems rely on water’s excellent cooling capacity and ability to starve fires of oxygen. They are well-established, cost-effective, and versatile. Variants include manual standpipe systems, automatic sprinklers (wet, dry, pre-action, deluge), water spray systems, water mist systems, and foam-water approaches—all tailored to different fire hazards and environments.